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Arthedain
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(S. 'noble of the Edain')
(founded III 861 – destroyed III 1974)
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=Detailed History=
The westernmost region of Arnor between Lhûn and Baranduin and the lands northe of the Great East Road till the Weather Hills. When Arnor was divided between the 3 sons of Eärendur in III 861, Amlaith, rightful heir of Earendur, received Arthedain which was the core of the old kingdom with the most important fortresses (like Fornost, the new capital) and the largest part of the Númenorean population. Arthedain also kept 2 our of the 3 Palantíri of the north: the master stone was in Amon Sûl and the other one in Fornost (the third was kept by the Elves in Emyn Beraid. The Kings of Arthedain were descedants of Amlaith through its history, and only in Arthedain the Line of Isildur was maintained. The three kingdoms were coexisting, although with some conflicts, like for the Tower of Amon Sûl, which conicided to the borders of each, and it was claimed by Cardolan and Rhudaur. However each partially recognised the dominion of others.
Around III 1300, evil things started to multiply and the Nazgûl reappeared. The chief of these came north and became the Witch-king of Angmar, the constant threat of Arnor, ordered to annihilate the Dúnedain. Arthedain though its struggel against Angmar was aided constantly by the Elves of Lindon and Imladris, but with waning power.
During this time, the Line of Isildur was broken in Cardolan and Rhudaur where no descedants of Isildur survived and the rulership was held by the indigenous population of the area (whom the Dúnedain called 'Hill-men'). The Hill-men were not friendly towards the Dúnedain, their dominators through the centuries. Because of this, Argeleb I claimed dominion over all Arnor in III 1346, which was contested by Rhudaur.
Ten years later, Rhudaur (aided by Angmar) attacked Arthedain and Argeleb was killed. The new king Arveleg I, aided by Lindon and Cardolan repulsed the attack.
A new battle occured in III 1409 by the confederate forces of Angmar and Rhudaur, and Arnor was aided once more by the Elves. The tower of Amon Sûl fell and its palantír was transferred to Fornost, and Arthedain maganed to defend Tyrn Gorthad. However King Arveleg was slain and the last prince of Cardolan perished. The kingdom was destroyed, and Arthedain absorbed its remains.
In III 1851 the tide turned temporarily to the side of Arthedain. Araval assisted once more by Lindon and Imladris defeated Angmar and seeked to reoccupy Cardolan, but evil spirits sent by Angmar terrify all who dwelt there.
In III 1940 King Araphant attempted to renew the comminucatoins with Gondor. Araphant's heir Arvedui married Firiel, princess of Gondor.
However Gondor could not aid Arthedain since the Wainraiders reappeared. Gondor was assailed again and King Ondoher and both his sons fell. Arvedui in III 1944 claimed the throne of Gondor which was left heirless. This claim was rejected by the Steward Pelendur of Gondor and the crown was given to Earnil.
Arthedain continued to resist till III 1974 when the Witch-King? assaulted once more. Fornost and Arthedain fell and the Dúnedain were scattered. Arvedui the Last King escaped to Forochel but was drowned next spring on his attempt to return. An armed force of Gondor under prince Earnil arrived to Lindon and then assaulted Fornost against the Witch King. Angmar was no more, but Arthedain could not be restored. Arnor passed to history and the Dúnedain became a wandering people, ruled by the Chieftains, the descedants of Arvedui.
=Kings=
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The westernmost region of the lost realm of Arnor. Bounded upon the north by Forochel and the west by the Lune; upon the east by the Weather Hills and the south by the Baranduin. Arthedain nominally included the Shire.
After the death of Eärendur, King of Arnor, his three sons fought for the crown. Finally they divided the Kingdom in three so that each of them could rule their own realm. The first king of Arthedain was Amlaith, who ruled from 861-946. He was followed by Beleg (946-1029). After Beleg came Mallor (1029-1110), Celepharn (1110-1191), Celebrindol (1191-1272, Malvegil (1272-1349), Argeleb I (1349-1356), Arveleg I (1356-1409), Araphor (1409-1589), Argeleb II (1589-1670), Arvegil (1670-1743), Arveleg II (1743-1813), Araval (1813-1891), Araphant (1891-1964) and Arvedui (1964-1974).
Amlaith was the rightful heir to Eärendur, and the rulers of Arthedain were direct descendants of the Kings of Arnor.
Events:
861: Death of Eärendur. Division of Arnor. Amlaith becomes first King of Arthedain.
1356: King Argeleb I slain in battle with the Rhudaur.
Fourteenth century: The greatest of the Black Riders establish the kingdom of Angmar. Build a great citadel in Carn Dûm.
1409: King Arveleg I slain in an invasion from the Witch-king of Angmar. Tower of AmonSûl is destroyed.
1601: King Argeleb II grants land beyond the Baranduin to Periannath coming from Bree. Thus, the Shire is founded.
1940: Renewed communications and alliance between Gondor and Arthedain. Arvedui weds Fìriel, daughter of Ondoher, King of Gondor.
1944: Ondoher and his sons are slain in battle with Wainriders. Arvedui claims the crown of Gondor.
1945: Crown of Gondor given to Earnil II, by the Council of Gondor.
1974: Arthedain overrun by the Witch-king. Fornost taken. Arvedui Last-king escapes to the north.
1975: Arvedui drowned in the Bay of Forochel. The Witch-king defeated at the Battle of Fornost. He vanishes from the north.
1976: Aranarth takes the title of Chieftain of the Dunedain. The heirlooms of Arnor are given into the keeping of Elrond.
With the fall of Arthedain, Sauron secured a major victory in his war against the Dúnedain: the destruction (that is, as far as he was aware) of the northern line of Kings. Within a century, he would secure a second victory: the end of the line of Kings in Gondor.
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